This article is good as a reminder to the non-electrical professional of the different systems required in schools and learning institutions. As we work in these spaces this article could be a good supporting document for work you are proposing to your accounts.

According to the IAEI, electrical systems used in schools are designed to provide a safe and reliable power supply to support various activities and functions within the school premises. These systems typically consist of several components and subsystems working together to distribute electricity efficiently.

o Power supply. Schools are typically connected to the local electrical grid, which provides the primary source of power. The power supply is delivered through transformers, which step down the voltage to a suitable level for distribution within the school.

o Main distribution panel: The main distribution panel, also known as the switchboard, receives power from the transformer and distributes it to various areas within the school. It contains circuit breakers or fuses to protect against overloads and short circuits.

o Sub-distribution panels. These panels are located throughout the school building and receive power from the main distribution panel. Sub-distribution panels further divide the electrical load and distribute power to specific areas or zones, such as classrooms, laboratories, administrative offices, gymnasiums, and auditoriums.

o Lighting systems. Schools have extensive lighting systems to provide adequate illumination in classrooms, corridors, libraries, and other areas. These systems include light fixtures, switches, and sometimes dimmers to control lighting levels.

o Branch Circuits and Outlets. The NEC provides guidance toward the number and placement of electrical outlets and branch circuits in various areas of the school, including classrooms, offices, hallways, and specialty spaces. The installer will need to determine outlet spacing, outlet types, and required circuits to accommodate the anticipated electrical loads and usage within each area. Power outlets are installed in classrooms, computer labs, staff rooms, and other areas to provide electrical connections for devices such as computers, projectors, printers, and other electrical equipment.

o Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. Schools often have HVAC systems to regulate indoor temperature and maintain a comfortable environment. These systems include electrical components such as air conditioners, heaters, fans, and control panels.

o Emergency power supply. Schools and other training institutions are required to have emergency electrical systems in place to ensure the safety of students, teachers, and staff during power outages or emergencies. The NEC provides guidelines for emergency lighting, exit signs, standby power sources, and transfer switches. In the event of a power outage, schools may have backup power systems, such as generators or uninterruptible power supply (UPS) units, to provide temporary power for critical functions like emergency lighting, fire alarms, security systems, and essential equipment.

o Safety systems. Schools have various safety systems, including fire alarm systems, smoke detectors, and emergency lighting. These systems are designed to ensure the safety of students, staff, and visitors in case of emergencies.

o Data and communication infrastructure. Schools rely on electrical systems to support their data and communication needs. This includes wiring for network connections, telecommunications equipment, intercom systems, and public address (PA) systems.

o Specialized Spaces. Elementary schools may have specialized spaces that require specific electrical considerations, such as computer labs, science labs, gymnasiums, and kitchens. The NEC provides requirements for electrical installations in these spaces, including electrical equipment, wiring methods, and safety measures.